Whiplash is caused by uncontrolled sudden movements of the neck, usually in a forwards and backwards direction. It is most commonly associated with being involved in car accidents but can also be caused by:
Contact sports – football tackles and other sports-related collisions from boxing and some martial arts can sometimes result in whiplash.
Horseback riding
Cycling collisions or falls
Physical abuse, such as being struck or shaken
Falls in which the head violently jerks backward
Blows to the head with a heavy object
Whiplash can affect the bones in the spine, the discs between the bones, ligaments, muscles, nerves and other tissues of the neck. You may also encounter problems to other parts of the body from a whiplash injury.